Summary Of A Unbroken By Laura Hildebrand - 2399 Words

Sydney Neal Mrs. Dachille AP3: Hour 1 August 17, 2015 Take on â€Å"Unbroken† by Laura Hildebrand Describe the influence(s), the setting(s) (both time and place) has on the book. The time and setting are both two of the most important factors in this book. The setting is useful because it has Louie in his childhood in Torrance, college years at the University of Southern California, Olympic events in Germany during the Nazi era, army training in Hawaii and prisoner of war camp in Japan. Louie got to explore so many places at such a young age it was impossible to figure where he might’ve gone after the Olympics if he hadn’t been enlisted. If the readers didn’t know where Louie was in the book, the plot line wouldn’t make sense to most people. The time this book took place in is very significant as well. The book is set before, during and after World War 2. Louie’s account of the war was so shocking and thrilling to the public because no one had been quite sure about what had happened in previous war camps like Auschwitz, even though half of the book focuses on his life before and after his time in Japan. The people didnâ€⠄¢t have the Internet then so they couldn’t look up recent updates on the war at the touch of a button. America was mostly in the dark when it came to Japan between the years of 1939 and 1945 so when Louie came forward to the public with his recollections of his time spent there, everyone was enraptured. There would not be much of a book if the war had never

The Effects of Gender Roles and Gender Identity on...

The Effects of Gender Roles and Gender Identity on Behaviour Gender is a psychological term, which refers to our awareness and reaction to biological sex. It is also a fundamental part of our learning concept. Gender is influenced by many things, which include: Biological Influences ===================== Such as, Genetics, Estrogens and Androgens. Social Influences ================= Such as, Identification theory, which is: 1. Sexual attraction to the opposite sex 2. Anxiety about sexual attraction 3. Identification with same sex parent- adapting there characteristics Social learning theory, which is: 1. Learning through observation 2.†¦show more content†¦The androgens affect males by controlling the onset of puberty, biological fertility etc and the estrogens are important to females hormones which control the timing of biological maturity and menstruation. Girls exposed to higher levels of androgen are defeminized in sex type interests, abilities and behaviour, but not core gender identity. â€Å"Some studies by John Money and his colleagues have been made of girls whose mothers received excessive amounts of androgens during pregnancy (to reduce the likelihood of miscarriage) .The babies developed Androgential Syndrome. As they grew they tended to be more aggressive and â€Å"tomboyish†, and less feminine. They preferred male activities with male company and expressed more interest in a career than in having a family.† (G.C Davenport, ESSENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY, chapter five, page 116.) When a child is born their gender role (set of expectations to say how they should think, act, feel.) is based on their gender identity (sense of being male/female), which is usually based on what sex the child’s genitalia reflects. When we look at children who have Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, it is interesting to see that some individuals develop in a feminine direction and acquire a sense of identity as female but others are brought up as males. The child’s upbringing was based purely on judgements about their genitals,Show MoreRelatedGender Development in Children Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagesof gender identity and gender roles. One major theory was the one put forward by Bandura and his social learning theory. Banduras social learning theory states that gender is learnt through direct and indirect reinforcement. The direct reinforcement is influenced by parents and according to the social learning theory gender identity is also reinforced through the beliefs and attitudes that the parents implement within their children through gender stereotypical behaviour. However, gender rolesRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Development1598 Words   |  7 PagesGender and sex are not synonymous, although they are often used interchangeably. Sex is a biological term and defined as â€Å"the categories of male or female of the sum total of biological attributes on which this distinction is based within a species† (Colman, 2009). Gender, however is a social construct and consists of gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation / preference. Gender identity is â€Å"a sense of awareness, usually beginning in infancy, continuing through childhood, and reachingRead MoreEssay about Gender Ide ntity1074 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of gender awareness is fundamental for our sense of self and is also predominant in any assessment made of another person as from birth on people respond differently to males and females. Gender identity can be seen as one of the earliest social categories that children learn to apply to both themselves and other people. This is suggested in Schaffer’s (1996) definition where gender identity is the correct labelling of self and others as male or female. There are three main theoriesRead MoreA Research Study On Transgender Orientation1661 Words   |  7 Pagesterminology throughout gender is constantly evolving as is the understanding of the growing issues and therefore is inconsistent throughout the literature. Transgender may refer to people who embrace a different gender identity on a full time basis to that appointed at birth, which may be ambiguous or gender specific, but without any medical intervention. Transsexual is oft en used to differentiate those who have taken medical intervention to live full time in the fixed gender different to that assignedRead MoreThe Biosocial Explanation Of Gender Development1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe biosocial explanation of gender assumes that gender development focuses on the interaction between biological and social factors. The approach emphasises that both factors are equally important in determining gender. How we react to babies tend to be based on the child’s sex identity. Often our sexual stereotypes do influence how we respond and expect behaviour to occur. Money and Ehrhardt (1972) believed that how an individual is sexually labelled determines how they are raised up, which goesRead MoreHow Gender Operates Within The Setting Of An Olivia Vacation1481 Words   |  6 PagesSex and Gender Matters Allysen Stewart 32579398 â€Æ' Assignment 1 – Minor Essay OPOL216 – Sex and Gender Matters This essay will critically discuss how gender operates within the setting of an Olivia Vacation (https://www.olivia.com), drawing from personal experiences from a recent trip to a Hawaiian Resort. The paper will focus on personal observations of the underlying forces involved in the reproduction and disruption of gender relations, and their resulting effects (AtwellRead MoreIs Gender Identity the Result of Biology?946 Words   |  4 PagesHuman beings are born sexual. They develop a strong sense of being male and female, the human behaviour of being a man or a woman is called gender identity. The characteristics of being a man or a woman involve biological, psychological, and sociological factors. People from all cultures have acted in relationships in different ways that are influenced by their cultural traditions and laws about sex. Human sexuality and how males and females act within the relationship can be considered as physicallyRead MoreSexual Identity And Gender Expression1399 Words   |  6 PagesTo conceptualise sexual identity and gender expression, Judith Butler (1990) proposes a poststructuralist perspective; that gendered behaviour (masculinity and femininity) is learned, a performative act, and that gender is constructed through a ‘heterosexual matrix’. She describes this as [A] hegemonic/epistemic model of gender intelligibility that assumes that for bodies to cohere and make sense there must be a stable sex expressed through a stable gender (masculine expresses discursive male, feminineRead MoreAnime And Manga Of Anime1627 Words   |  7 Pageskosupure (Japanese) is a combination words which means costume and play or role play (Rahman et al., 2012; Peirson-Smith, 2013; Winge, 2006). In the academic and popular culture field, the origin of cosplay is from Japan, that is similar to western masquerade (Chen, 2007). It is a performance art that fans dressing up and performing the roles as from comic books, movies or anime (Gn, 2011; Chen, 2007). These enthusiasts or fans of role play are called cosplayers or cosers (Ziran, 2006). Through costumeRead MoreAnalysis Of Alison Lester s 2009-2010 Book Series1312 Words   |  6 PagesLester’s 2007-2008 book series, Bonnie and Sam, it is the aim to investigate if representations continue to construct and naturalise ‘traditionally acceptable models of gender’ in contemporary Australian children’s literature. Research background: Since the 1970s, there has been a significant increasing in academic interest surrounding gender in children’s literature. Peter Hunt (2009) argues literature has gained academic focus as society comes to recognise how it can shape it â€Å"in fundamental and long-lasting

Business Ethics Pharmaceutical Regulation

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Pharmaceutical Regulation. Answer: Introduction: The main ethical issue that has been identified as per the provided case study is that the FDA approved Betaseron for the treatment of the MS patients who had a relapsing-remitting course of the disease and were ambulatory. However, it has been found that as per the clinical studies, Betaseron implies that it helps to diminish the severity and frequency of exacerbation in the MS patients along with a relapsing-remitting form. It has been noticed during the research that some flu-like side effects are frequent among the MS patients who are being treated with Betaseron. In addition to this, irritation and swelling around the injection is also considered as a common factor for the particular patients (Harpaz, et al., 2013). Nevertheless, these side-effects intended to decrease with the passage of time during treatment. However, it has been found that some MS patients have committed suicide after they received Betaseron as it leads to depression. Therefore, it can be said that to use thi s drug is an ethical issue. In addition to this, it has been found that Berlex was not prepared for the high demand of Betaseron. Thus, they asked Chiron Corporation who had been manufacturing the drug in little quantity for investigational use and did not have any facilities regarding manufacturing, to produce the drug in an expanded way. The reason behind this was that to get FDA approval for another company would take longer time. Thus, it is also considered as an ethical issue for the company and this might affect the patients. Therefore, it can be recommended that the company Berlex should consult with other companies for manufacturing the particular drug Betaseron and only after receiving the FDA approval the drug should be used for treatment of MS patients. The reason behind this is that a particular drug should be used only after its manufacturer gets the FDA approval as it is one of the rules and regulations that should be followed for welfare of the patients (Carpenter, 2014). References Carpenter, D. (2014).Reputation and power: organizational image and pharmaceutical regulation at the FDA. Princeton University Press. Harpaz, R., DuMouchel, W., LePendu, P., Bauerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mehren, A., Ryan, P., Shah, N. H. (2013). Performance of Pharmacovigilance Signalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Detection Algorithms for the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics,93(6), 539-546.

Essay on Psychology The Mozart Effect Example For Students

Essay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect Psychology is a formative science that has led to revolutionary discoveries as to how the human brain functions, develops and in some instances, can be enhanced. Although these fundamental objectives are a valuable resource within our community, it is vital that they are of verity and can be replicated; if not they are redundant to the field. Unfortunately, due to its youth, psychological science does not have a strict system of checks and balances to ensure that remittance procedures can consistently be undertaken for false claims. To this end, this essay will evaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication s tudies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: the prominent lack of longevity and replication of successful results; the evaluation of arousal levels on spatial and cognitive enhancement; and, finally, the investigation of procedural flaws in key studies. While playing Mozart can marginally increase spatial performance, the longevity of the increase is doubtful. Improved performance lasts on average only 10 to 15 minutes rather than overall improved cognitive ability for a long term duration, leading to doubts as to the longevity of the speculated Mozart effect (Chabris, C. 1999; McKelvie, P., Low, J. 2002; Bangerter, A., Heath, C. 2004). In addition, these marginal improvements vary in spatial improvement with the original study reporting an average increase of eight to nine IQ points (Rauscher, F. Shaw, G., Ky, K. 1993) but with later studies widely discrediting these results. (Chabris, C. 1999; McKelvie, P., Low, J. 2002; Bangerter, A., Heath, C. 2004). A collaboration of sixteen studies has shown that the Mozart effect does not have an overall improvement on cognitive ability, but rather a marginal enhancement of spatial reasoning due to the music induced stimulation of the right cerebral hemisphere. This an area of the brai n, associated with cognitive arousal and complex visual transformation processes involved with mental rotation of three-dimensional shapes and similar difficult spatial tasks (Chabris, C. 1999). Thus extrapolating that the Mozart effect does not ‘make babies smarter’, it only marginally improves a participant’s spatial intellect immediately after music stimuli. This collaboration of studies provides a broad scope of multiple findings which can account for any anomalies or outliers within individual study findings, however it also inhibits specificity of the results as there is no control of experimental procedures. Further limitations are the varying ages of participants and measurement of results. Ultimately, however, this meta-analysis significantly indicates that even if listening to Mozart was an effective cognitive enhancement, the benefits would only have a moderate effect of a short duration. A more detailed study supported this meta-analysis via its focus on child development and the lack of validity and longevity with the Mozart effect. Dubbing the Mozart effect â€Å"another quick fix† it concluded that Mozart, whether played to or taught to children does not exhibit any long term benefits for cognition (Jones, S. 2002). Although the original study (Rauscher, F., Shaw, G., Ky, K. 1993) instigated the claim that â€Å"Mozart makes babies smarter† further studies have refuted this claim by taking a different approach. These further studies state that it is not just the act of listening to Mozart but rather the response in attitude and arousal from listening to a lively musical piece that increases spatial reasoning. This infers that it is inconsequential which piece is played, as long as it enhances arousal and positive mood. (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001; McKelvie, P., Low, J. 2002; Nantais, K., Schellenber, E. 1999) .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .postImageUrl , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:hover , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:visited , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:active { border:0!important; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:active , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Moby Dick EssayA study conducted in 1999 supported this arousal hypothesis. Twenty eight undergraduate students were first presented with a narrated story by Stephen King and in following weeks listened to a Mozart sonata. Immediately after each exposure to stimuli, they undertook spatial testing. Following the second test, the participants were asked which stimulus they preferred. Analysis of these results reflected that higher scores achieved on spatial tests strongly correlated with exposure to preferred stimuli (Nantais, K., Schellenber, E. 1999). This study relied on a subject’s own reflection and allowed a time lapse of two weeks between control and variable, leaving many outside factors to affect the participants’ results. Ultimately, however, it indicates that it may not be the act of playing Mozart that achieves a marginal increase in spatial performance, but rather the enhancement of the participant’s arousal levels and mood. This is supported in another study 2001 (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001) where 24 participants were sorted into two groups (consisting of undergraduates and graduates aged 24-60), one listening to Mozart sonata – a seemingly upbeat and energetic piece and the other listening to an Albinoni adagio – a sadder and slower piece. The participants were tested with a modiï ¬ ed version of the Standord-Binet intelligence test, focused on Paper Folding and Cutting. They also rated their arousal and mood levels on a Profile of Mood States (POMS). Ratings indicated that those who listened to Mozart reported higher levels of positive mood and arousal and lower levels of neg ativity and complacency whilst those that listened to Albinoni reported low levels of positive mood and arousal and higher levels of negativity and complacency. (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001). These results evidence that it may not be the Mozart sonata but the mood that enhances spatial intelligence. This is reflected as moderate levels of arousal enhancing cognitive performance as seen in higher results for participants listening to Mozart whilst very low levels as seen in participants listening to Albinoni inhibiting such performances. (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001). Furthermore, positive moods can lead to improved performance on various cognitive and problem solving tasks as positive emotions increase the tendency to combine information and material in new ways and to find correlations between differing stimuli (Isen, A., Daubman, K., Nowicki, G. 1987). In contrast, negative moods and boredom can produce deficits in performance, response to stimuli and learning. (Smallwood, J., Fitzgerald, A., Miles, L., Phillips, L. 2009; Nantais, K., Schellenber, E. 1999) While self-reporting by participants leads to discrepancies in accuracy, overall the study provides a clear indication that arousal and mood are prominent factors in the heightening of one’s spatial and cognitive intelligence, regardless of what amplifies their mood – Mozart’s sonata or otherwise. Although many studies have sought to test this theorem it is nearly impossible to do so in a perfectly controlled environment. To facilitate the most accurate and concise results, it is recommended that researchers re-evaluate test groups, environment and testing resources. To analyse the claim that Mozart makes babies smarter, potential future studies may include assessing child development with and without the playing of Mozart e.g. the speed of language acquisition between two control groups (Jones, S. 2002). This will potentially validate the claim further as it tests subjects in the formative stage – the stage that the claim argues will benefit cognition the most. Additionally, the testing environment must be further controlled. This includes: limited time lapse between experiment and cognitive testing; no outside stimuli or factors e.g. surrounding noises and individual testing. Finally another issue to address is the testing factor where many studies have utilised parti cipant reflection in regards to mood, emotion etc. Although a good indicator, this form of self-evaluative testing is open to discrepancy. Therefore, to mitigate these potential discrepancies, a corroboration of participants’ individual reflection and an observationalist reflection on mood of participants should be used. Although the Mozart effect has shown a varied enhancement of participants’ spatial cognition the claim that ‘Mozart makes babies smarter’ is completely discredited. Through the aforementioned analysis of arousal and mood factors it is clear that cognitive enhancement relies strongly on the participants’ reaction to any stimuli, rather than specifically Mozart. Additionally, the lack of dependency on just one form of stimuli to achieve result indicates that the phenomenon is not specific to Mozart’s sonata. Finally, the limited longevity discredits the importance of the speculated phenomenon as it does not have any long term benefits to the user. Overall, this claim, despite having partial merit is fundamentally incorrect, despite its wide-spread popularist acceptance.

The Fun They Had Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Fun They Had Analysis Essay The narrative under the rubric â€Å"The Fun They Had† was written by a extremely fecund American author. one of the three expansive Masterss of scientific discipline fiction – Isaac Asimov. The key in this text is lyrical. The subject is likely â€Å"the influence of engineering on the procedure of learning. † In this narrative the writer uses conversational address and jargonized words. such as â€Å"gee. I guess. I betchaâ€Å" here. to demo us that these kids are instead ordinary. and looks similar as the kids of our age. The events of the narrative take topographic point in hereafter in 2157 twelvemonth. The narrative starts with two kids. Margie and Tommy by name. happening a â€Å"real† book. It seems really unusual for them to hold such book because they have merely screen books. The kids read about a type of a school which people had centuries ago where merely work forces were instructors. They have neer thought that a simple adult male could le arn. Though so they understand it to be better and much cheerful to analyze in old types of schools where all kids sit together and make the same undertakings. But it is high clip for the kids to analyze and Margie goes to a schoolroom where a machine instructor is waiting for her. The narrative ends with Margie adding the fractions and believing about â€Å"those amusing schools† . We will write a custom essay on The Fun They Had Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The chief characters of the narrative are 11 old ages old Margie and Tommy. who is 13 old ages old. The writer doesn’t depict them straight. but it doesn’t do us any difficult to understand what sort of people they are. Isaac Asimov shows us the character’s personalities through the actions. duologues and ideas. I see Tommy as a really serious male child who is fond of reading. In my position point Tommy is a funny male child because he has managed to happen a really old book in the Attic. He behaves with his immature sister small spot arrogantly. He considers him to be much cleverer and cognize more than she does. That is why he laughs at her incorrect suggestions. As for Margie. I sympathize with her. She seems to be a cagey miss no affair what points she has in geographics because it is her mechanical teacher’s mistake. She goes to analyze cognizing about old types of schools which seem to be decidedly better for. I think Margie feels a small covetous o f the kids who study at that place. She is fed up with analyzing at place with a hardhearted mechanical instructor. She even wishes the instructor non to be put together after being taken apart by the County Inspector. I think this fact proves her bad attitude to modern school. The narrative is written in simple linguistic communication. that’s why it’s rather easy to read it. The writer uses many names while depicting the children’s procedure of reading the book. Margie writes in her diary about a â€Å"real book† with â€Å"yellow and crinkled pages† . This epithets show us that the kids truly have neer seen such books with pages earlier. To depict Tommy’s attitude to Margie the writer uses names. Tommy looks at Margie with â€Å"superior eyes† . Using this stylistic device the writer shows us that Tommy thinks him to be cleverer than Margie. The narrative besides contains many exaggerations and similars. Tommy says that â€Å"their male parent knows every bit much as his teacher† . But Margie doesn’t believe him. she can’t even conceive of that person can be every bit cagey as a mechanical instructor. The step â€Å"large and black and ugly† is used to stress that a mechanical instructor is merely a automaton non a existent adult male. This narrative. written by I. Asimov makes the reader to believe about the instruction procedure today. If we remember that it was written in the center of the twentieth century. we can state that the inside informations in this narrative are good chosen. I think that it has a certain purpose – to warn the reader about the possible hereafter jobs. because the epoch of Internet and broad spread of the computing machines has certain impact on our coevals. So. it is for us to make up ones mind. which manner of instruction is better.

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci Architecture depends on symmetry, what Vitruvius calls the proper agreement between the members of the work itself. Symmetry is from the Greek word symmetros meaning measured together. Proportion is from the Latin word proportio meaning for the part, or the relationship of the portions. What humans consider beautiful has been examined for thousands of years. Humans may have an innate preference for what looks acceptable and beautiful. A man with tiny hands and a large head may look out of proportion. A woman with one breast or one leg may look asymmetrical. Humans spend an enormous amount of money every day on what they consider is a beautiful body image. Symmetry and proportion may be as much a part of us as our DNA. Diagram Of ManS Proportions From Vitruvius Translation, 1558. Bettmann/Getty Images (cropped) How do you design and build the perfect building? Like the human body, structures have parts, and in architecture those parts can be put together in many ways. Design, from the Latin word designare meaning to mark out, is the overall process, but design outcomes depend on symmetry and proportion. Says who? Vitruvius. De Architectura Ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio wrote the first architecture textbook called On Architecture (De Architectura). Nobody knows when it was written, but it reflects the dawn of human civilization - in the first century B.C. into the first decade A.D. It wasnt until the Renaissance, however, when the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome were reawakened, that De Architectura was translated into Italian, French, Spanish, and English. During the 1400s, 1500s, and 1600s, what became known as The Ten Books on Architecture was widely distributed with a number of added illustrations. Much of the theory and construction basics spelled out by Vitruvius for his patron, the Roman Emperor, inspired Renaissance architects and designers of that day and even those in the 21st century. So, what does Vitruvius say? Leonardo da Vinci Sketches Vitruvius Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) is sure to have read Vitruvius. We know this because da Vincis notebooks are filled with sketches based on the words in De Architectura. Da Vincis famous drawing of The Vitruvian Man is a sketch directly from the words of Vitruvius. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses in his book: SYMMETRY in the human body the central point is naturally the navel. For if a man be placed flat on his back, with his hands and feet extended, and a pair of compasses centered at his navel, the fingers and toes of his two hands and feet will touch the circumference of a circleAnd just as the human body yields a circular outline, so too a square figure may be found from it.For if we measure the distance from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, and then apply that measure to the outstretched arms, the breadth will be found to be the same as the height, as in the case of plane surfaces which are perfectly square. Note that Vitruvius begins with a focal point, the navel, and the elements are measured from that point, forming the geometry of circles and squares. Even todays architects design this way. Drawing of the Proportions of a Head by Leonardo da Vinci. Fratelli Alinari IDEA S.p.A./Getty Images (cropped) PROPORTION Da Vincis notebooks also show sketches of body proportions. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses to show relationships between elements of a human body: the face, from the chin to the top of the forehead and the lowest roots of the hair, is a tenth part of the whole heightthe open hand from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger is a tenth part of the whole bodythe head from the chin to the crown is an eighth partwith the neck and shoulder from the top of the breast to the lowest roots of the hair is a sixthfrom the middle of the breast to the summit of the crown is a fourththe distance from the bottom of the chin to the under side of the nostrils is one third of itthe nose from the under side of the nostrils to a line between the eyebrows is a thirdthe forehead, from between the eyebrows to the lowest roots of the hair, is a thirdthe length of the foot is one sixth of the height of the bodythe length of the forearm is one fourth the height of the bodythe breadth of the breast is also one fourth the height of the body Da Vinci saw that these relationships between elements were also the mathematical relationships found in other parts of nature. What we think of as the hidden codes in architecture, Leonardo da Vinci saw as divine. If God designed with these ratios when He made man, then man should design the built environment with the ratios of sacred geometry. Thus in the human body there is a kind of symmetrical harmony between forearm, foot, palm, finger, and other small parts, writes Vitruvius, and so it is with perfect buildings. Designing with Symmetry and Proportion Although European in origin, the concepts written down by Vitruvius seem to be universal. For example, researchers estimate that Native American Indians migrated to North America from Northern Asia about 15,000 years ago - well before even Vitruvius was alive. Yet when European explorers like Francisco Vsquez de Coronado from Spain first encountered the Wichita people in North America in the 1500s, symmetrical huts of grass were well-built and proportioned large enough to house entire familes. How did the Wichita people come up with this conical design and the proper agreement described by the Roman Vitruvius? Wichita Native American Grass House. Edward S. Curtis/George Eastman House/Getty Images (cropped) Concepts of symmetry and proportion can be used purposefully. Modernists of the early 20th century defied Classical symmetry by designing asymmetrical structures. Proportion has been used in spiritual architecture to accentuate the holy. For example, the Po Lin Monastery in Hong Kong shows not only the symmetry of the San Men Chinese mountain gate, but also how proportion can bring attention to the outlandishly large Buddha statue. Big Buddha at Po Lin Monastery, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, China. Tim Winter/Getty Images (cropped) By examining the human body, both Vitruvius and da Vinci understood the importance of symmetrical proportions in design. As Vitruvius writes, in perfect buildings the different members must be in exact symmetrical relations to the whole general scheme. This is the same theory behind architectural design today. Our intrinsic sense of what we consider beautiful may come from symmetry and proportion. Sources Vitruvius. On Symmetry: In Temples and in the Human Body, Book III, Chapter One, Ten Books on Architecture translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, 1914, The Project Gutenberg, gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/20239-h.htmRaghavan et al. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans, Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6250, August 21, 2015, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6250/aab3884Wichita Indian grass house, Kansas Historical Society, kansasmemory.org/item/210708

Story Structure and Meaning of Mulholland Drive Movie Review

Story Structure and Meaning of Mulholland Drive - Movie Review Example The film tells the story of young, naà ¯ve Betty, who arrives in Hollywood to become a famous actress. Betty is tangled up in a mystery involving another woman who is suffering from amnesia after a car accident, Rita, and a film director, Adam. Towards the end of the film it becomes apparent that Betty is actually an actress called Diane who is tormented by nightmarish visions after she ordered her ex-lover Camilla to be killed. Diane's guilt and dark visions become unbearable and in the end she kills herself. Main character Betty Elms is introduced at 1.40 minutes during the pre-title sequence. The first act starts after this sequence, at 2 minutes. The 2nd main character, Rita (Camilla), is introduced at 4.20 after the title sequence. Antagonist number 1- the monster behind the dinner Winkie’s is introduced in the 16th minute. ... The first act is therefore 38 minutes long. From now on, little hints that seem to lead to the answer of the main question are given. First, it is revealed that Rita's purse is full of money and it also contains a mysterious blue key. Then, Rita remembers the name 'Diane Selwin' in the 48th minute. This realization triggers a whole new set of obstacles for Rita and Betty. They find Diane dead in her apartment. Then it is revealed that the contract killer is looking for Rita. Adam meanwhile has multiple conflicts to deal with as well: he gets sacked from his own film, his wife cheats on him, and he is broke. A mysterious cowboy tells him to cast Camilla Rhodes in his film in order to sort out all his problems. When he does, Adam seems to be safe and doesn't need to fear the reappearance of the threatening cowboy any longer. I believe the climax to be the scene when Diane splits up with Camilla (120 minutes), as this is the turning point in Diane's life: her jealousy will drive her to commit murder. So the 2nd act would be from the 40th to the 120th minute, making it 80 minutes long (consequently, the 3rd and final act is 20 minutes long.) Therefore, Mulholland Drive's 40-80-20 structure fulfills the usual 3 act structure formula for screenplays perfectly. The general formula for screenwriters states that the first act is usually twice as long as the last act and that the 2nd act makes up the biggest part of any movie (usually two thirds). The ending is tragic-the main character Diane kills herself as she can't cope with her guilt and nightmares any longer. From the moment she made the decision to hire the killer, her tragic fate was sealed. The main subplot is Adam's struggle to make his movie. It starts when Adam’s character is introduced in the 26th

Airline industry applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Airline industry applications - Essay Example With the help of using different mobile applications such as QLOUD and Knowledge-driven In-flight Solution (KIS), it is easy to access distinct sorts of information anytime and in anywhere (Ravichandran, 2011). In earlier times, the mobile applications were used in a modest way; however, these have been progressed in this modern day context providing advanced facilities to the people. Mobile applications can be defined as software or programs that are used in mobile devices (Islam, Islam & Mazumder, 2015). The airline industry generally uses the above stated mobile technologies or mobile applications amongst others to enhance the service processes and also offering best services to the passengers. In this modern day context, the global airline industry is identified to use mobile applications for deriving cost-effective solutions in their respective operational functions. It can be apparently observed that the worldwide airline industry has changed with significant improvements made in the respective business processes by using mobile technology. These improvements could be reckoned as developing the facility of electronic ticket and introducing the system of online check-in. By using mobile applications, it can be inferred that the airline industry is able to ensure providing better and quality services to the customers with having greater control over costs to be incurred during the process (NIIT, 2012). There are several airline based companies that have become much popular for providing quality services to the users by the use of distinct mobile applications. In this regard, such airline companies include Qatar Airways, Emirates Airways, British Airways and United Airlines. These four popular airline companies use different mobile applications including QLOUD, KIS, electronic or wireless bag tag and Travel card and Travel wallet. These mobile apps have been taken into concern for discussion while comparing the same amid

Implications for HR Practices in Other Companies LIKE Zappos.com Research Paper

Implications for HR Practices in Other Companies LIKE Zappos.com - Research Paper Example HR Lessons from Zappos.com A similar company in online retailing is Modcloth.com. It has been in operation for only two years, so it has a lot to learn in terms of having a clear-cut organizational culture. Zappos.com took the time to define what its company culture is, and then made sure that all individuals who worked for it fit into the culture. Everything else that they did was an offshoot of this parameter (Palmeri, 2009). Therefore, Modlcoth.com can learn from this company by doing the same. They must decide on the values and norms that will help them achieve their goals. Once this is done, then the organization can focus on other strategic elements. Modcloth.com may also emulate the extent to which organizational culture is a personal responsibility for all staff at Zappos. Modcloth treats organizational culture as a human-resource issue yet Zappos takes a totally different approach. Zappos prefers to hold everyone accountable for the maintenance of their culture. Individuals often work towards this component in every aspect of their jobs. This culture is captured in ten statements that include â€Å"Being adventurous and creative," â€Å"being humble† and â€Å"pursuing growth." The proactive nature in which Zappos diffuses its values may also be used by managers in Modcloth.com. They should not just expect their employees to discover their values independently. Training for new workers should involve learning about the company’s style. Modcloth.com can benefit from teaching employees explicitly about these issues before they allow workers to interact with clients. Sephora.com is a highly successful cosmetics online retailer. Its HR practices, however, do not mirror this new-age approach. Their hiring process is something that needs improvement. It normally carries out a technical recruitment process with a little focus on organizational culture. Zappos.com focuses on a person’s fit with the company culture during recruitment. The y believe that possessing technical skills will not yield substantial results if these cannot translate into their values. Therefore, they do not compromise on it. Hiring processes usually last for a relatively long time. The firm expects job candidates to attend at least one departmental and company event as interviews continue. This leads to the appreciation of organizational values. Sometimes some recruitment processes may last for up to four months (Inghilleri & Solomon, 2010). In Zappos’ recruitment, interviewers often ask six questions that are likely to determine the person’s behavior. Usually, these questions are meant to assess the extent to which a candidate’s behavior fits in with the company culture. However, some parts of the interview will also look at the applicant’s skills. Sephora can learn a lot from these hiring practices. First, they must hire for their core values. Secondly, they must have a structure to follow when recruiting. Sephor a.com usually leaves aspects of the hiring process in the hands of professionals, and what they decide is the final word on the matter. This means that transparency is a challenge. Zappos.com has a highly transparent hiring process. Once an interview has been completed, the interviewer is expected to vote on whether the candidate should be hired or not. These individuals often enter their feedback into a computer. They are also supposed to give explanations for why

Gender Variation of Health Awareness of Adolescents in India

Gender Variation of Health Awareness of Adolescents in India Evaluation of gender variation in health awareness of Adolescent age groups in rural India Introduction World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescence as the period between 10 and 19 years of age. During this period, they have to face a lot of changes which may include physical, mental, emotional or psychological changes. Yet they are the once whose health is neglected the most, especially that of female adolescent group. [1] Health awareness not only includes the awareness for infections, diseases or disorders but also health related topics like physiological changes, psychological changes, hormonal changes, importance of exercise to stay fit, time for entertainment to stay active and happy etc. Adolescents in rural areas are often devoid of health care facilities and tends to fall sick more often. Both genders faces different types of problems. They even get addicted to un-healthy activities due to lack of awareness and peer pressure.   Government of India has implemented many schemes for the spread of health awareness, but due to unknown reasons, it is not yet uniform among both the genders. If they are aware of health issues surrounding them, they can fight or prevent them and can improve their lives. Females health has been always neglected in rural India and now as to be prioritised because not only they support family by sharing the economic burden but they also take care of the entire family. In order to share all responsibilities both males and females have to be fit and that should start from the very beginning, right after birth. With implementation of new schemes and involvement of latest technology like internet; health awareness is improving[2] The teachers also teach them the benefits of health exercise and the requirement of time for recreational activities so that they can live a happy life. Various studies and survey have been conducted before but none showed the difference of health awareness between males and females of adolescent group. So we conducted this study to access the gender variation in health awareness in adolescent age group [15-19 years]. Their answers to the questionnaire can help us to understand the awareness of health in rural areas and we could bring further changes or implement new plans for spreading health awareness especially if one of the gender is lacking behind in one area. Material and Methods The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in September, 2014 at a local school in Nhava village, Raigad District in Maharashtra State, India. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed randomly to 102 high school students which included 60 males and 42 females between 15 to 19 to evaluate gender variation in health awareness and attitude towards awareness of side effects of tobacco consumption leading to oral or lung cancer, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and its transmission route, reaction on stress situations, knowledge of body mass index and ill effects of being malnourished, importance of having breakfast and in between meals with time for exercise and recreational activities, evaluating depression by asking mood changes. Their family type, number of members and average family income, per capita income were also found out. They were asked if they suffered from any other disorders or diseases. The required official permission to select and collect the relevant data from selected subjects was solicited and obtained from the Principal of the respective school. There were 13 questions and the questionnaire was collected on the spot from participants after explaining them the importance of study and obtaining their oral consent. Writing names on the form was optional and was informed that their identity will be kept hidden in all ways possible if they chose to write their names. The survey was carried out in their school timings and free periods. Inclusion Criteria All Students between 15-19 years Exclusion Criteria Students out of target i.e. above 20 years of age and below 15 years Who did not wanted to be a part of the survey Statistical analysis The data were entered into the computer (Microsoft Office, Excel) and were subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical package SPSS version 19. Results In the present study, we got 102 samples out of which 60 were males and 42 were females having 41.18 percentage of females and 58.82% of males. Also the ages ranged from 15-19. Most number of the students were in 17th year. Breakfast Everyday In between meals 2-3 hours (Table 1) Here we noticed that only 69% Females said that they were able to have breakfast as compared to 81.7% Males. Values are given in Table 1. n=Number, %= percentage Sex Breakfast everyday In between meals every 2-3 hours Yes Not able to have Total N % N % n % F 29 69.0 13 31.0 42 100.0 M 49 81.7 11 18.3 60 100.0 Total 78 76.5 24 23.5 102 100.0 Table 1 Time for Exercise Recreation ( Table 2) We noticed that 57.1% females here just said that they are able to do exercise and spare some time for recreation as compared to 80% approval from the males regarding the same. Sex Time for exercise and recreation Yes No Total N % n % n % F 24 57.1 18 42.9 42 100.0 M 48 80.0 12 20.0 60 100.0 Total 72 70.6 30 29.4 102 100.0 (Table 2) Consume Tobacco in any form or any other substance abuse (Table 3) It is interesting to see that only 5 males used to consume tobacco in cigarettes form which is 4.90%. Females denied taking any tobacco in any form. The values are depicted in table 3 Sex Consume tobacco in any form or any other substance abuse Yes No Total N % n % n % F 0 .0 42 100.0 42 100.0 M 5 8.3 55 91.7 60 100.0 Total 5 4.90 97 85.10 102 100.0 Table 3 Awareness of the side effects of taking Tobacco in any form (Table 4) Here we noticed that Females are more aware of the side effects of taking tobacco. Their awareness rate is 95.2% as compared to 78.3% of Males. The values are depicted in table 4. Sex Awareness of side effects regarding tobacco Substance abuse Yes (Aware) No Total N % n % n % F 40 95.2 2 4.8 42 100.0 M 47 78.3 13 21.7 60 100.0 Total 87 85.3 15 14.7 102 100.0 Table 4 Awareness of STDs at least one route of spread (Table 5) Mostly everyone knows about STD and its of route of spread. More details are depicted in table 5. Sex Awareness of STD Yes No Total N % n % n % F 42 100.0 0 .0 42 100.0 M 58 98.04 2 1.96 60 100.0 Total 100 98.04 2 1.96 102 100.0 Table 5 BMI Status Awareness to ill effects of malnourishment (Table 6-8) BMI of the study subject was calculated by using the formula weight (kg)/ height2 (m2). For grading proposed criteria of BMI for Asians (Choo V 2002) and CDC (2010) was adopted. We noticed that females tend to be more underweight as compared to males. Males being more prone to obesity at this age. The mean BMI for females was 20.41 Sex BMI Status Normal Obese Over Weight Underweight Total N % N % n % n % n % F 29 69.0 0 .0 1 2.4 12 28.6 42 100.0 M 42 70.0 1 1.7 2 3.3 15 25.0 60 100.0 Total 71 69.6 1 0.98 3 2.94 27 26.47 102 100.0 Table 6 Sex Statistic Std. Error BMI F Mean 20.417341 .4574878 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 19.493425 Upper Bound 21.341256 Std. Deviation 2.9648599 Minimum 15.0597 Maximum 26.3146 M Mean 21.016615 .4933969 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 20.029330 Upper Bound 22.003900 Std. Deviation 3.8218361 Minimum 16.0231 Maximum 40.4281 Table 7 BMI values are depicted in Table 7 We also asked them if they knew the ill-effects of being malnourished? Almost 90% males knew the ill effects. Whereas 78.6% Females knew about the ill effects. The details are in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   table 8. Sex Aware of ill-effects of being malnourished? Yes No Total N % n % N % F 33 78.6 9 21.4 42 100 M 54 90.0 6 10.0 60 100 Total 87 85.29 15 14.70 102 100 Table 8 Mood Study duration in a day (Table 9 10) We also asked whether they stay happy content always or unhappy and grumpy or scared or always angry. Most of them answered that they stay happy always. Most also mentioned that they study for 1-2 hours daily. Sex Mood Always Happy Content Always unhappy Always Scared Alway angry Total n % n % n % n % n % F 37 88.1 4 9.5 1 2.4 0 .0 42 100.0 M 55 91.7 2 3.3 2 3.3 1 1.7 60 100.0 Total 92 90.19 6 5.88 3 2.94 1 .98 102 100.0 Table 9 Sex Average hours of study per day 1-2 hours 2-4 hours 4-6 hours Total n % n % n % n % F 25 59.5% 14 33.3% 3 7.1% 42 100.0% M 41 68.3% 17 28.3% 2 3.3% 60 100.0% Total 66 64.70% 31 30.39% 5 4.90% 102 100.0% Table 10 Reaction on Stress or Depression (Table 11) We noticed that almost half of them prefer to talk to their friends when they are depressed. Few females do cry or starve as well. Sex Reaction on being stressed / depression Be alone / lock yourself Cry / Starve Call your friend Talk to your elders Total n % n % N % n % n % F 8 19.0 7 16.7 18 42.9 9 21.4 42 100.0% M 15 25.0 5 8.3 28 46.7 12 20.0 60 100.0% Total 23 22.54 12 11.76 46 45.09 21 20.58 102 100.0% Table 11 We also asked for any other diseases or disorder which they may be suffering from. 2 of males said that they are suffering from Diabetes and 1 female had ulcers.   We also took family history which included number of family members, earning members, total family income per month and level of education. Discussion Adolescents are the future of the country. As they reach puberty, they face a lot of changes in many ways which includes physiological, hormonal, emotional and mental. Females tends to receive more challenges because of the physiological and hormonal changes occurring with the start of their puberty. [3] With the rise of menstrual cycle they often tend to get more depressed before getting adjusting to it. BMI Importance Awareness of malnourishment Females may face malnourishment due to male children being given priority to eat first [4] or may be due to body weight consciousness leading to disorders like bullaemia or Anorexia nervosa   or depression. [5] Dr. Shah had conducted a study on nutrional assessment of adolescent girls in karamsad and had found out that only 8% girls were overweight while 63.2% were of normal weight and 28.5% were underweight. While 23.4% boys were overweight and only 21.2 % were underweight.[6] The present study showed that 28.6% females were underweight as compared to 25% males. 2.4% females were overweight whereas we did not find any obese female during the study. 4% males were above normal stage which includes overweight and obese. Almost 90% males knew the ill effects. Whereas 78.6% Females knew about the ill effects. STD Awarness its route of transmission In later years of adolescent age, teenagers especially males tends to get physically attracted and intimated with the opposite sex and the risk of contacting STDs rises if proper protection not used.7]   Dr. Kotecha had conducted two studies in urban and rural areas respectively, amongst school going students regarding reproductive health awareness and found out that in both rural and urban areas; about one-third of the boys and one-fourth of the girls knew about contraception. Two-thirds of boys and girls had information of HIV/AIDS, and about half of them correctly knew various modes of transmission of HIV in both urban and rural areas. Majority of the adolescent were even ready to visit the Adolescent Friendly clinic if there was any in near-by areas. [8,9] The awareness regarding modes of transmission of HIV/AIDS was found to be higher among boys as compared to girls which contradicts the present study. [10] The present study showed that all females knew about STDs and at least one route of spread as compared to 98.04% males. The contradiction might be due to improvement of health awareness in recent times. Tobacco Consumption Along with rise in STDs prevalence and incidence there is a rise in increase of cigarette smoking among adolescent age [11] andstudents are vulnerable to tobacco addiction, especially males.[12]This can have harmful effect. A study conducted in state of Gujarat, India, showed that there has been increasing trend of smoking cigarettes at younger which is a matter of great concern13]. Early use of tobacco smoking may lead to many harmful effects like hypertension, lung cancer and may even lead to end stage organ in later years of life[14]. A study conducted by Sharma Et Al showed 18.4% males have tried cigarettes or bidis at least once in life time compared to 11% females in adolescent age group. Tobacco use was much higher among the adolescent aged 16-19 group than those in the age group of 14-15 years. Tobacco use was appreciably higher among the males (23.8%) than the females adolescent age group (14.9%), (P=0.016).The prevalence rate of current smoking is 7.1%[15]. The present study showed that 4.9% males has consumed tobacco in any form in a rural area which leads to a conclusion that the tobacco consumption might be at a larger scale in urban areas. All females denied taking tobacco in form. It also noticed that females are more aware of the side effects of taking tobacco. Their awareness rate was 95.2% as compared to 78.3% of Males. Also adolescents are at increased risk of getting stress related depression. [16]They are easily influenced by changes around them which affects their biological, emotional, cognitive, and social functions. Unhealthy and anti-social behaviours are manufactured in these years but if stopped, can be moulded back or may change permanently. [17]These anti-social changes are common in males as compared to females Conclusion: There are many differences in health awareness between males and females of the adolescent age group. We need to decrease the bridge between them and for that we need to change some of our health policies. In some areas females have better health awareness like awareness in STD spread and side effects of taking tobacco in any form, whereas males have better knowledge in understanding the importance of taking proper breakfast and in taking some time off for entertainment. Along with that they also know the ill effects of  Ã‚   malnourishment. If we need our youth to progress at a faster rate, we need them to be healthy at mind, body and free from diseases. For that, we need to inculcate health awareness in both genders and should decrease the bridge between the awareness. Limitation future perspective: Sample size of study was small due to limited number of students in the school. In future, we want to study on more than 500 students of multi-schools in more than 5 districts involving rural areas. References Mahajan P, Sharma N. Awareness level of Adolescent Girls Regarding HIV/AIDS (A comparative study of rural and urban areas of Jammu) J Hum Ecol. 2004;17:313-4. Gray NJ, Klein JD. Adolescents and the internet: health and sexuality information. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2006;18(5):519-24. doi: 10.1097/01.gco.0000242954.32867.76. Goldenring J. A Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network, Medline plus. 2004 Borooah VK. Gender bias among children in India in their diet and immunization against disease. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59:1719-31. Reijone JH, Pratt HD, Patel DR, Greydanus DE. Eating disorders in the adolescent population: An overview. J Adolesc Res. 2003;18:209-22. Hasmukh, S., Wasim, S., Singh, S. K. (2012). Are Indian adolescent girl students more conscious about their body image than their colleague boys? National Journal of Community Medicine, 3(2), 344-347. Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W. Sexually transmitted diseases in American youth: Incidence and prevalence estimates. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2004366-10.10 Kotecha PV, Patel SV, Mazumdar VS, et al. Reproductive health awareness among urban school going adolescents in Vadodara city. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012;54(4):344-348. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.104821. Kotecha PV, Patel S, Baxi RK, et al. Reproductive health awareness among rural school going adolescents of Vadodara district. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009;30(2):94-99. doi:10.4103/0253-7184.62765.

The Impact of Divorce on a Teenager :: Impact of Divorce on Children

All over the world, parents decide to divorce and this leaves children hurt and confused. The children may lose contact with one parent or they might decide to makes some bad decisions in their life due to the feeling of neglect. Some of the bad choices could be mental health disorders and struggling in academics. There are impacts on teens that could be short term but there are also long term effects too, because most of them look up to their parents as role models. (decent statement of theme) Family clearly impacts teenagers, especially a divorce. [Why this last sentence? This is a â€Å"no duh† comment=you knew it before you started. Maybe it works as a 1st sentence, but not a last one.] In the book The House on Mango Street, written by Sandra Cisneros, the main character, Esperanza, was affected by many external forces, including family. Esperanza is a young teen who just moved to Mango Street, and she doesn’t like her house because it’s ugly, and she dreams of another house that her family has promised one day. â€Å"I have inherited her name, but I don’t want to inherit her place by the window (Cisneros 11). This was in reference to her great grandmother who didn’t want to marry, but Esperanza’s great grandfather kidnapped her and forced her to marry, where Esperanza’s great grandmother never forgave him and looked out a window for the rest of her life. Esperanza didn’t chose her name, her family did, and she didn’t chose who her family is either. The external force of family is an issue in real life just as it is in this novel, and the teens learn to either love it or hate it. [Whoa! Where’s the divorce here? Why not use the mothers who are single parents? Isn’t that closer to divorce?] Adolescents tend to find ways to let out their emotions and try to escape their problems, and this unfortunately leads them to make poor decisions that hurt them more than they know that it would be. Alcohol actually is a depressant because it slows down the function of the central nervous system and it cause people to lose coordination and not be able to think straight. [Again, whoa! Where’s the divorce here? Why start with drinking? Suggestion: if this is what some teens do when faced with divorce, then maybe this should go as your 2nd or 3rd comment, not your 1st.

Women in Law Enforcement

Women in Law Enforcement Essay There are many stereotypes that women in law enforcement field had to face throughout time. Women troubled with being taken serious as a crime fighter, or if a women would ever be allowed to become a police officer, was a question because women are usually viewed from others as too small, weak and gentle to ever be taken serious from the public. In this research paper I will explain the background on women in the law enforcement and how women have the same intelligence, communication, compassion, and diplomacy as a male officer.Having examples from articles and an interview from a women officer will help my thesis on how women can be successful as any male officer. Women have struggled since the early 1800s to have a career with law enforcement so one day hope to succeed and be recognized as a valued part of law enforcement just like their male counterparts. Women dealt with lack of respect, sexual harassment, discrimination.These times were very diffic ult and challenging for female officers not only verbally and emotionally but also because the police department only made uniforms to fit men officers, who made the female officers, look unprofessional and uncomfortable and very hard to do their job, when they could hardly walk in the heavy yet loose-fitting uniforms they wore. â€Å"In the past women had two choices: They could wear a very high-waisted, darted pants pattern from the 1970s or they could wear men's pants,†(Garret).These uniforms make a female’s job even more difficult with the extra weight and fabric bunched inside of their uniform, also caused a delay when reaching for their firearm. The uniforms made their job even more dangerous for females than for male officers. This demonstrates an immense example of how fearless women had to be, known that they were an easier target to take advantage of and was more overlooked from citizens. During World War II women were hired into law enforcement agencies, exc ept most of these women who were hired to auxiliary work.The women that joined the police force during the war helped to assist new men that were employed or couldn’t join the military. Many women worked as dispatchers or clerical workers within the departments. While men officers still had patrol duties and worked as the crime fighters. The women were stuck with any job that a male officer wouldn’t like to do or feel comfortable doing, like helping with children and young women, or talking to families.After the war had ended a new push toward advancing women in the career through integration with the men officers, became more demanding than ever before. The amount of women wanting a career in law enforcement encouraged them to work harder for a higher profession as a career distinct from a social worker and office help to working in the field with the men; starting with patrol ride along. These changes led to greater demands for equal treatment and opportunities for w omen police officers.The 1950s and early 1960s was when women started to double with the number of them working in law enforcement. This was the beginning of a change in policing that would have a dramatic effect on women in law enforcement everywhere. The changes helped women excel with the police force throughout the 70's and 80's. In 1972 the Civil Rights Act Title VII expanded to include public agencies and as a result police departments were prohibited by law from discriminating against women in hiring, recruiting, promotions, and working conditions.The Revenue Sharing Act and the Crime Control Act, both helped women significantly on holding funds from departments that discriminated against. The percentage of women in police agencies from 1960 to around 1980 kept ever-increasing with larger numbers of women joining which brought more opportunities and challenges for them. From 1970 into the early 1990’s women in law enforcement have worked and fought for the same equal j obs of policing as men officers. A few examples would be on patrol, in command positions, and in promoting and recruiting officers. It is clear that the structural changes in the law in the United States have helped to create an increase in the numbers of women in this traditionally male dominated field of police work. In policing, as departments expanded in the early 1970's, a related increase of black and white women police occurred driven by affirmative action practices†(Price). In 1985 Penny Harrington became the first woman to be named Chief of Police for a major city, Portland, Oregon, and in Atlanta, Georgia in 1994 Beverly J. Harvard became the first African American woman to be made Chief of Police for a large city.These accomplishments are a strong testament to the courage and perseverance that women have shown throughout the history of women in policing. Despite the fact that the law enforcement fields are heavily male dominated, woman have been making a large impac t for themselves throughout country. Until the women's liberal movement in the 1970s, women generally had clerical roles or held jobs as dispatchers. Then, civil rights and affirmative action laws enabled women to assume they would have a job in law enforcement.

Poverty in Canada.

Poverty in Canada. Poverty is a reality in Canada today. Despite having one of the higheststandards of living among all the developed nations, and despite being voted numerous times in recent years by the United Nations as the best country in the world in which to live, experts agree that poverty is prevalent in Canada today. Unfortunately, that is more or less where the agreement ends. Exactly how prevalent and how serious a problem poverty is in Canada is an open question that has been hotly debated for the last 10 years.There have been two times in the past 300 years when economic structural changes have occurred in the world that have been so massive and so far-reaching, that the impact on societies has been nothing short of monumental.The first time was in the Industrial Revolution which began in the early 1700s and caused massive societal transformations, especially in the western world, changing life from agrarian-based societies to industrial-based societies.POVERTYThe second time was in the ea rly 1980s with the beginning of the "Information Revolution." Today, a rapid, world-wide, economic transformation is taking place that is changing our societies from industrial-based societies to information-based societies, the 3rd wave.These changes are part of a greater phenomenon called "globalization" . The improvement in technology lead to a desire to make trades with other countries, and therefore allowing foreign companies to sell in Canada and thereby compete with Canadian companies, and vice versa ("Laisser faire, laisser passer" - Adam Smith).This increased competition lead to ever greater pressures on Canadian companies to reduce their costs of producing goods. Companies closed down and went looking in third world countries because labour is cheaper. At the same time, technology was replacing human labour; employees lost their jobs, being replaced by machines that could do the...

Why Females Join Gangs Essay Example

Why Females Join Gangs Essay Example Why Females Join Gangs Essay Why Females Join Gangs Essay Why Females Join Gangs Female gang involvement has been on the rise throughout the decades. Deciding to become a gang member is a huge step for any girl or woman to take. There is no one specific reason, but instead several different motivating factors for females to join gangs. These factors include economic stresses, family stress, and a need to belong. Gender differences play a role in the urban environment and female victimization, young females turns to gangs in response to family and community violence victimization rather than a learned normalized behavior. Understanding the easons why females Join gangs in the first place will cause a better understanding of female gang involvement as a whole. This paper will discuss the contextual factors that motivate girls to Join a gang; the extent of the girls criminal behavior; and the physical, sexual, and psychological abuses the girls experience from other gang members. Female gang membership has increased in the recent years, with 29. 9% of girls claiming membership in high risk, high crime neighborhoods in 2008, and leading the National Counsel on Crime and Delinquency to rank young females as the fastest rowing offenders in national unevenly Justice population in 2009. Studies show the reason for female membership in gangs is due to pro-violent attitudes, physical abuse, abandonment and emotional abuse by caretakers. Gang involvement maybe a learned behavior situated in the context of childhood exposures to violence. In the inner cities of America a Job shortage took place in the eighties a nd early nineties, it was hard for the youths to find employment. This led to the establishment of a very productive underground economy. According to Moore, the flourishing underground economy attracted gangs and increased gang membership. With the loss of Jobs and changes to the welfare system made it very difficult for inner city members to provide for their families. This was a hard time for women especially pregnant women. For these individuals gangs were seen as positive organizations that benefited the struggling community. According to Moore, gangs offered resources and protection to community members, more specifically females who feared their neighborhood. The struggling economy and inability to find a Job made gang life very attractive to both males and females. Economic stress often translated into a strain on family life. It may seem unreal that young girls would put themselves in a situation that involves such a high rate of risk. Most female gang involvement come from broken homes, where they have previously been a victim of a crime. In 1998, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency performed a study on young girls in the California juvenile Justice system to gain information on victimization before becoming a juvenile offender. Out of all the females interviewed 92% said that they had been abused emotionally, physically, or sexually before becoming a Juvenile offender. Although a majority of girls are abused before Joining a gang, there are also many hat participate in gang activities for other reasons. There are four elements discussed by Archer and Grascia (2006) that are typical characteristics of individuals who are most likely to become delinquent and then possibly become part of a gang. The four elements include attachment to family, peers, commitment to society, involvement in traditional activities such as going to school or work and belief in moral values. The following factors affecting female gang membership branch off these four key elements. A relationship a young women has with friends and male gang members seems to e the greatest factor of female gang involvement. Protection that membership offer women may be another reason why females become part of gangs. Young women value this protection because they may feel threatened by rival gang members or other non-gang men in the environment (Miller, 1998). By entering a gang females feel that they will gain respect from others such as their parents and rival peers. In the oxford reading a finding by Wang, stated that whereas more males Join gangs to make money, females are more likely to become associated with a gang for emotional support. This statement was contradicted by Walker-Barnes and Mason in 001, who found that an influence for females to Join a gang is the possibility of committing illegal activities that could lead to money-making opportunities. It was also found that the idea of these activities as exciting and providing adventure could be another factor for influencing females to affiliate with gangs Walker-Barnes Mason. The study that Walker-Barnes and Mason did found that many of the female reported that belonging to a gang made them feel important and good about themselves, built up their self-confidence, and allowed them to experience what it is like to be part of something important. Female gang members tries to make the gang their replacement family and often times see gang membership as fun. Some females even Join gangs for friendship or fun. Females may also Join gangs to escape from hostile home environments caused by poverty, abuse, or low parental involvement. A lot of female gang members has been sexually abused at home and may Join gangs to obtain protection from the abusive families. Female gang members wants attention from their parents, Joining a gangs is a way for them to gain attention even if its in a negative way. Adverse childhood experiences affect gang involvement. The violence and abuses that female gang members encounter inside their home, in the of interparental violence or physical or sexual childhood abuse and outside the home, in a form of community gang violence has showed to be a pervasive and inescapable context. Many of the women explicitly reflected upon a casual relationship between early childhood abuse or neglect experiences and gang membership Another point made is some females may think that becoming a member of a gang will actually give them the opportunity to demonstrate violent behavioral actions they may have learned from home according to Archer Grascia. For example, female gang members are more likely than male gang members to have come from a home that contained drug use and family members that have been arrested for crimes according to Moore. A study was done on 15 young females that lives in a residential treatment, they where interviewed about gang involvement. The structure of the interview was developed from Quickers social structural view of female Juvenile delinquency, which proposes the examination of macro level and exolevel issues as well as micro level issues. One out of the 15 who were interviewed stated Basically, I was born into the gang. My mother and stepfather were leaders in the gang, and I was always there. For my first birthday I got a tattoo on my arm that says Crips. Ill be one of them till I die. Most girls arent born into the gang, usually they start hangin with us at around nine or 10. Another was interviewed she was asked her reason for Joining a gang. She replied, with two answers belonging to a family and the feeling of power. My gang is my family; Im accepted, and I know I can always count on them. My family (gang) makes me feel like Im a somebody. When were hanging, people respect me. Conflict with and ambivalence toward the family of origin are aspects of normal adolescent development according to Erikson and Molidor. The teenager feels tense and anxious in the presence of the parents and feels safe only when apart from them. Instead of admitting any dependence and love, they take an attitude that is exactly the opposite according to Freud. The healthy teenager struggles with the issues surrounding individuation and separation and slowly develops a more individual sense of self apart from the family. Becoming a young female teenager in America can be a characteristic that nfluences young females to become apart of a gang. According to Wang the want or/ and need of experiencing adult roles, the security of having a specific status and identity, and the innate response to defy parents and/or people in authority may be seen as potentially influencing a young women into a gang. Most have been victims of violence and sexual abuse from parents and relatives since early childhood. They have been victims of poor economic conditions and the cycle of poverty and of overburdened and understaffed school systems that have failed to recognize them as at risk.

Law of contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Law of contract - Essay Example A contract ensures that each party sticks to his responsibilities, and delivers them as, and per the agreed terms, for the success of that business. In case of a breach of contract, one will have to be compensated through the various remedies that will be stated. This paper will cover various aspects of the law of contract. It will start by offering an appropriate advice to Anila, who owns a fleet of freight aircraft, and Yogesh, an aircraft customer, before proceeding to discuss the issue of frustration in contract law. Issue 1: Case Description, in line with Contract Law Anila is a business person, who owns a small freight of aircraft. Anila enters into a contract with Yogesh, but fails to deliver, which results into a breach of contract. Anila was supposed to provide Yogesh with aircrafts for 3 years. However, for the first few months, the aircrafts get grounded by several mechanical problems. The contract is breached, and Yogesh responds by terminating it. Yogesh gets into a cont ract with another company, which provides them with the services that they wanted. The market expands rapidly, and their customers increase over time. However, towards the end of the year, some aircrafts also get grounded, and Yogesh has no alternative but to go back to Anila. Anila gives Yogesh an offer of $ 40000, but Yogesh declines to the offer. Advice According in Line with the Law of Contract In advising Anila and Yogesh, I would first of all ensure that they understand what they had entered into. I would help them to understand they had entered into a contract, and that a contract has some elements that must be upheld for it to remain valid. In a contract, each party must ensure that they stick to their responsibilities as stated in the contract. Each of them should be concerned about the needs of the other party, since it is a mutual thing. They should ensure that all the elements of their contract are upheld, since a breach of contract may lead to a problem on both sides. I would start by defining to them a contract before taking them into the elements of a contract, so that next time they enter into such an agreement, they will be fully aware of whatever they are doing, and will avoid a repeat of such problems again. Contract Definition in relation to the Case of Anila and Yogesh A contract is a formal type of agreement that involves two or more people, who have an interest or relationship to the subject at hand3. Contracts cover many matters, in various fields, like sale of goods, lease of goods, real property, or employment terms4. The agreement between Anila and Yogesh was a lease agreement, since Anila was leasing freight aircrafts to Yogesh. All valid contracts have terms and conditions which make them valid5. These are the elements of a valid contract. They are as follows: Mutual Consent This is where the parties to a contract come up with an agreement of what the contract involves, and both of them agree to one thing6. For example, in a contra ct of sale, if the buyer thinks that he will sell a house, while the buyer expects to get a donkey, then the contract is unenforceable. Anila knew that she would lease her aircrafts to Yogesh, and Yogesh expected good aircrafts to be delivered that was a mutual consent between them. In that case, all of them

History, Government, and Economics and their influence on Global and Research Paper

History, Government, and Economics and their influence on Global and Local Issues - Research Paper Example Discussion For decades, Arabs was in control of Arabs and Turks, who made it a part of their Ottoman Empire. It was in 1805 when Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian solider took control of Egypt and declared himself as the â€Å"Sultan† and â€Å"Wali† of the country. Most authors agree that Pasha’s period mark the beginning of modern Egypt (Thompson, 2009). Despite the fact that Pasha was not a liberal or modernist but many of his reforms had great impact on the formation of the current culture of Egypt (Moscovitch, 2007). Pasha nationalized all the land in Egypt thus allowing the government to own all agriculture and crops produced in the country. He focused greatly on the industrial, primarily for building weapons for the army. Pasha sent promising students to Europe for higher studies and brought back those students to take key positions in educational institutions, hospitals, and bureaucracy (Goldschmidt, 2004; Vatikiotis, 1991). However, after the completion of Suez Canal, the British and French started taking a lot of interest in the domestic matters of the Egypt and eventually went to take over the country in 1882. This control remained until the year 1922 when Egypt became an independent country. During the British occupation, trade developed in the country and Immigrants from Southern Europe and Northern Africa flew into the country, which increased the total number of immigrants in the country to 1.5 million in the 1930s (Moscovitch, 2007). The independence was actually the result of 1†919 Egyptian Revolution, which was led by Saad Zaghlul, and other members of Wafd Party† (Moscovitch, 2007). Saad Zaghlul eventually went on to become the first prime minister of the country in the year 1924, one year after the formulation of Egyptian constitution (Vatikiotis, 1991). The British did retain the control of certain matters related to foreign policy of Egypt, wars and partial control of Sudan as well. This remains one of the re asons why even today, anti British feelings are observable in the hearts and minds of the masses of Egypt. During the First World War, British promised that they would take the entire burden over their shoulders, thousands of Egyptian shoulders lost their lives. Even in Second World War, British used Egypt as a base for Allied forces. â€Å"Anti-British feelings continued to grow and provided one of the reasons for the Egyptian Revolution of 1952† (Pateman & El-Hamamsy, 2003). The revolution was aimed at removing King Fahad 1 and making Egypt a republic. Corruption, lavish lifestyles of the rulers, monarchy, and inflation, ignorance of the rulers towards the domestic matters of country and pro British policies were among the other reasons (Moscovitch, 2007; Thompson, 2009). General Naguib took control of the country but Nasser who became the President of the country in 1956 later put him on a house arrest. Naseer Died in 1970 and Anwar Sadat took control after him. Both these leaders, despite being autocrats, remained extremely popular amongst the Egyptian and other Arab people. Sadat launched a war against Israel. Although it ended in a draw but Sadat considered this as his win (Goldschmidt, 2004). Important here to note is that the period of Nasser gave the Arab world what is known as pan-Arab ideology or Nasserism which still influences many Egyptians political and economic circles. The ideology asks for the complete or partial rejection of American and European systems and increased economic, political, and social support for members

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Summary and conclusions 18 References & Appendices Abstract The present report explores operations management at a production and service organisations with an aim to understand its main constituents and approaches; in addition, an understanding of the differences between strategic approaches of production and service operations management has been obtained. To achieve this, firstly, the report explores corporate and operations strategies as well as competitive priorities of Toyota and Accenture. Practical implications along with critical perspectives of core operational processes like capacity planning inventory management, quality, supply chain management and performance management at both organisations have been explored. Lastly, implications of these processes at operations and strategic levels have been illustrated based on competitiveness, sustainability and innovation perspectives. 1. Introduction Operations management is concerned with managing the process of creating product s and services through systematic and defined procedures. On a broader level, different functions involved in operations management of production and service industry are almost same; but the way these functions are carried are very different. In order to understand the difference, the current discourse evaluates operations management processes in two distinct organisations, i.e. the automotive manufacturer Toyota and the management and technology service provider, Accenture. Their immense success and global presence have been possible because of sustainable operations besides other activities. This report attempts to highlight the core operational activities carried out at both the organisations and how these activities have added value to their successes. In this process, competitive priorities and critical operational strategies such as capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain management, performance management, and quality approaches have been assessed. These aspect s will clarify how these organisations attained competitive position in their respective markets; and what factors have lead to their immense success despite the external and internal challenges. 1.1 Operations management: Brown (2000) describes that Operations Management involves the most critical activities of production, beginning from and including, planning and design, production processes of goods and services, and also effective integration of marketing, finance, human resources management and strategy in order to enable a business to enter and compete with both new and existing markets. In other words, a business’s success and sustainability largely depend on the operational capabilities, including efficiency and quality. These factors have been mastered by both the organisations to a large extent. Theoretically, operations management in manufacturing and service industries constitute a combination of three distinct functions, strategic functions, tactical functions a nd operational planning and control functions (Chase, 2006). Main operational processes include planning, production, purchasing or inventory management, supply chain management, distribution and marketing. Toyota and Accenture perform these processes distinctly as aligned with different competitive prior

Drugs and Aging Essay Example for Free

Drugs and Aging Essay Over the years, the medical world has conducted various studies and researches about the effects of drug abuse on health. Drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, opium, morphine, and heroine are just some of the most commonly abused drugs that could also cause serious health problems such as heart attacks, brain damage, cancer, liver disease, impotence, and even HIV/AIDS. Apart from these conditions, substance abuse can also greatly affect an individual’s aging process (Anderson 432). According to studies, drugs have a great effect on a person’s aging process. It particularly targets and damages important body organ such as the heart, brain, and liver. Researches also suggest that drug abuse also alters and impedes the function of these organs which in turn exacerbates the aging process. The aging however, dies not stop with the internal organs. Instead, it also manifests on the person’s physical or outer appearance. Almost all drugs produce a certain side effect on the body’s aging course. However, substances such as nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol are three of the most abused drugs that deteriorate the body’s natural vitality (Anderson 432). Nicotine is said to be one of the top substances that rapidly ages and harms the body. It is a type of alkaloid found in the Solanaceae plant family. It is present and widely taken in the form of cigarettes and tobacco. When smoked, this substance blends in with the blood which in turn passes through the lungs and the brain. It only takes a few seconds before its chemicals such as acetylcholine, arginine, dopamine, beta-endorphine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin stimulates and then relaxes the body. According to users smoking cigarettes gives them a feeling of calmness, relaxation, as well as alertness (Late 1). Despite of its soothing and stimulating effects, nicotine can also cause damaging consequences to the body particularly in its aging process. It harms the lungs, brain, and the heart. According to researches, nicotine has very powerful effects on the body’s arteries. It raises the blood pressure and constricts the arteries. This condition makes it more difficult for the heart to pump blood. Apart from this, nicotine is also responsible for increasing the risks of blood clot and clogging. Aside from the heart, nicotine also has aging effects on the brain. The chemicals inside this substance affect and slowly deteriorate brain functions. When nicotine is introduced to adolescent brain, it may cause a long-lasting damage or consequence to the developing brain. This includes the higher addiction risk to other substances and even mental conditions and ailments (Late 30). The aging effect of nicotine also has an irreversible consequence on the skin. The effects are primarily roots from the nicotine chemicals which cause the cells in the body to act and behave erratically. The substance itself restricts blood flow which then prevents the skin from receiving important nutrients and anti-oxidants. The result is a dry, dull, and grayish skin. Chronic smokers also develop deep wrinkles around the eyes and mouth which causes them to look ten to twenty years older (Smoking and Skin Aging 6). Cocaine is also a harmful drug that easily ages the body. It is regarded as one of the most abused stimulant in the United States. This highly addictive drug is usually taken in by injection, smoking, swallowing, or snorting. It has a euphoric effect which makes the user calm, and even happy. However, cocaine also presents numerous negative health consequences. It slowly damages the heart, brain, and lungs. Its effects on the brain is particularly damaging as it alters its responsiveness. Studies also show that cocaine abuse causes seizure which can also lead to erratic or bizarre behavior. This substance also ages the heart as it increases the heart rate as well as the blood pressure. This causes the arteries to constrict which in turn, blocks the blood supply in the heart. Cocaine abuse can also trigger an abnormal heart rhythm. The strong effects of cocaine chemicals force the body’s organs to work twice as hard. This does not only cause the organ to age abruptly, but it also increases the risk of organ damage and even breakdown (Teen Drug Abuse 1). Alcohol is also another substance commonly abused by millions of people worldwide. It is found in almost every alcoholic beverages and liquors such as wine, beer, and spirits. When consumed in moderation, alcohol can be easily processed by the body. However, abuse of this substance can age and damage the body. A reason behind is largely due to the fact that the body requires a certain amount of time before it can properly absorb and dispose alcohol. Constant drinking and intake will automatically force the body to function abnormally, thus resulting to organ damage and infection (Aging and Alcohol Abuse 3). Alcohol affects crucial organs such as liver and the brain. Once alcohol is ingested, it becomes diffused in almost every tissue of the body. The liver, for instance, functions by breaking down the alcohol. It exactly takes one hour before the liver can process an alcoholic drink. However, constant use of this substance will eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and liver degeneration. The brain is also affected by excessive alcohol in take. It slows down major brain activities which can lead to forgetfulness and confusion. Often times, alcohol drinking affects an individual’s judgment which leads to erratic and even violent and aggressive behavior. Heavy drinking can also permanently cause damage to the central nervous system primarily because it impairs the function of the brain receptors (Aging and Alcohol Abuse 2). Aside from the liver and the brain, alcohol also causes the body to age physically. It dehydrates the body which causes the skin to look dry and dull. In some cases, this lack of moisture from the skin results to wrinkles and even skin cracks. This substance also affects the skin by depleting the body of all the essential minerals and vitamins. It especially impedes the absorption of Vitamin A which makes the skin look radiant. Thus, frequent and heavy drinkers exhibit a lifeless and dull looking skin. Some chronic drinkers also note that their skin color sometimes change into a yellowish or gray tone.

Female Genital Mutilation :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine a young girl; the harsh African sun is kissing her bronzed skin. The warm golden sand tickles her petite and tattered feet. The immense gold earrings she wears beats against her slender neck. Her stature is of a queen, yet she walks to an uncertain death. She stands in front of a small hut, or a tent. She glances back and sees the majestic sun that had once kissed her neck now set and somewhat leave her abandoned. She exists alone in front of that diminutive hut or tent and out comes a man. He is exhausted and is ready to go home to his companion and his supper. He looks a bit annoyed that she has come so late. His hands are stained with a ruby tint and his clothes the same. He motions the young girl in. Hesitantly, she makes small and meager steps to the entranceway. She steps into a minute room with little or no lighting. She stares upon two women and a rusty table that holds the screams of the girls that went before her. The man moti ons her to sit in the table. She slowly places her body on the stained and rusty table. She is a bit afraid that the table will not hold under her weight; nevertheless, she is held up. The man places his cold and clammy hands on her collarbone and pushes her back to the table. As she lies there she looks to her left and sees his instruments; a bloody and rusty razor blade. She sighs with relief. She has heard that a razor blade is the best instrument to use. She knew of women that had to take a piece of glass. She has prayed for courage and strength, yet it does not seem to arrive. The man runs his hands down the sides of her body. Has he pushes her skirt up he looks at her and says to her, "Don't move." He opens her legs and begins to operate. The glare from the poor lighting obstructs his view, but he continues any way. The heat has gotten to him and he is not as awake as he was in the morning. He blinks to regain some concentration and he takes his blade in his hands. He thinks a bout cleaning the blade first but the thought immediately escapes from his mind. He does not want to waste any more time on this girl.

Outlook on Bullying- I Have a Dream

â€Å"Outlook on Bullying† â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. † Our unalienable rights must not be broken or destroyed by anyone’s judgments on how we are supposed to live our life. That is why I ask you ladies and gentlemen for you to stand up against bullying with me. This can happen to anyone primarily targeted simply because of their race, body size, sexual orientation, or any type of difference not accepted or judged by a group or a person.Bullying consists of different disturbances; physical, verbal, indirect, and cyber bullying. Physical bullying is considered any physical attack; kicking, punching, shoving, taking or damaging belongings. Verbal bulling consists of name calling, insulting, making racist, sexist or homophobic comments, remarks or teasing, just to name a few. I ndirect and cyber bullying go hand in hand when nasty, hurtful, rumors are spread behind a person’s back, now most common through any electronic media. Watch your thoughts, they become words. Watch your words, they become actions. Watch your actions, they become habits.Watch your habits, they become character. A character in which you will be defined as a helping hand, a bully, or the one being bullied. America should be a country where everyone can feel safe in which ever environment from public places, to school, to work. One out of seven students from kindergarten to twelfth grade is either a bully or a victim of bullying, and it is estimated that 160,000 students miss school every day due to fear of an attack. Would you want that fear to spread to someone close to you or yourself? In American schools there are about 2. 1 million bullies and 2. 7 million victims, statistics are increasing every day.Parents are the base of our beliefs and that is why everyone should be educ ated about bullying and taught morals to respect one another and be reminded of how difference is also good from a young age. â€Å"The world is a dangerous place because of those who do evil and because of those who look on and do nothing†. Nothing is the worst thing that any friend, teacher, or parent can do to someone in this circumstance. Only God can judge me, ( ) wouldn’t you want to live by this? Bullies have terrorized their victims enough, bullies and victims have had enough of living in their silent pain.Victims have had enough of the abuse and fear brought to them for being themselves. Victims have had enough of stereotyping and all the prejudice. I have a dream that people can wake up every morning without depression or suicidal thoughts hurting them. I have a dream that students have no fear in going to school because of peers. I have dream that no one has to hide in a mask of fakeness because they can’t express themselves. I have dream that people notice and lend a helping hand to a victim or a bully. That’s my dream that I hope one day can become true, and hopefully you will take a stand with me against this atrocious issue. Thank you.